专升本英语备考不仅需要掌握大量词汇,一些基本语法时态也需要同学们掌握,下面是湖南专升本网整理的英语八大时态用法详解,赶紧get 起来吧!
一般过去时
1. 概念:表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作或行为。
2. 基本结构:
(1)主语+ was / were +表语
(2)主语+ 行为动词的过去式 +其他
否定形式:
(1)was / were + not;
(2)在行为动词前加didn’t,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:
(1)was或were放于句首;
(2)用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
3. 用法:
(1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
如:Where did you go just now?
(2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。
如:When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
注意:used to do sth“过去常常做某事”,表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。
如:Mother used not to be so forgetful. 妈妈过去没这么健忘。
现在进行时
1. 概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2. 时间状语:now, at this time, these days等.
3. 基本结构:主语+ am / is /are + doing
否定形式:主语+ am / is / are + not + doing
一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
4. 用法:
(1)表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。
如:We are waiting for you.
(2)表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。
如:Mr Green is writing another novel. (说话时并不一定在写小说)
(3)表示动作的渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
如:The leaves are turning red.
It’s getting warmer and warmer.
(4)与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
如:You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。
(5)用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等瞬间动词的现在进行时可以表示将来。
如:I’m leaving tomorrow.
过去进行时
1. 概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
如:My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
2. 时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3. 基本结构:主语+ was / were + doing
否定形式:主语+ was / were + not + doing
一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。
4. 用法:
(1)过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。
如:We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.
(2)过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。
如:What was she doing at nine o’clock yesterday? (介词短语表示时间点)
She was doing her homework then. (副词表示时间点)
When I saw him he was decorating his room. (when从句表示时间点)
(3)在复合句中,如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的,那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。
如:When he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper. (两个动作都是延续的)
He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. (两个动作同时进行或主句的动作发生在从句的动作过程中)
一般将来时
1. 概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2. 时间状语:tomorrow, next day (week, month, year), soon, in a few minutes, by the day after tomorrow等。
3. 基本结构:
(1)主语+ am / is / are / going to do sth;
(2)主语+ will do sth。
否定形式:
(1)主语+ am / is /are + not + going to do sth
(2)主语+ will not(won’t) do sth
一般疑问句:
(1)am / is / are放于句首;
(2)will置于句首。
4. will主要用于以下三个方面:
(1)表示主观意愿的将来。
如:They will go to visit the factory tomorrow.
(2)表示不以人的意志为转移的客观的将来。
如:Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday.
He will be thirty years old this time next year.
(3)表示临时决定,通常用于对话中。
— Mary has been ill for a week.
— Oh, I didn’t know. I will go and see her.
5. be going to主要用于以下两个方面:
(1)表示事先经过考虑、打算、计划要做某事。
如:Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.
今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。
(2)表示根据目前某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生,表示推测。
如:Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.
瞧!乌云密集。天要下雨了。
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