2022年湖南专升本最全的英语时态用法详解(上)

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    专升本英语备考不仅需要掌握大量词汇,一些基本语法时态也需要同学们掌握,下面是湖南专升本网整理的英语八大时态用法详解,赶紧get 起来吧!

湖南统招专升本课开课了


过去将来时

1. 概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。

2. 时间状语:the next day (morning, year), the following month (week)等。

3. 基本结构:

(1)主语+ was / were / going to do sth

(2)主语+ would do sth

否定形式:

(1)主语+ was / were / not + going to do sth

(2)主语+ would + not + do sth

一般疑问句:

(1)was或were放于句首;

(2)would 提到句首。

4. 用法:

(1)“would + 动词原形”常表示主观意愿的将来。

如:He said he would come to see me. 他说他要来看我。

(2)“was / were + going to + 动词原形”常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。

如:She said she was going to start off at once.

I was told that he was going to return home.

此结构还可表示根据某种迹象来看,很可能或即将发生的事情。

如:It seemed as if it was going to rain. 看来好像要下雨。

(3)come,go,leave,arrive,start等瞬时动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。

如:He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.

She told me she was coming to see me.

    现在完成时

1. 概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始持续到现在并且有可能继续下去的动作或状态。

2. 时间状语:recently, lately, since, for, in the past few years等。

3. 基本结构:主语+ have / has + done +其他

否定形式:主语+ have / has + not +done +其他

一般疑问句:Have / Has +主语 + done +其他

4. since的三种用法:

(1) since +过去的一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。

如:I have been here since 1989.

(2) since +一段时间+ ago。

如:I have been here since five months ago.

(3)since +从句(一般过去时)。

如:Great changes have taken place since you left.

比较since和for

since 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间的长度。

如:We haven’t had any guests since we moved in here.

I have lived here for more than twenty years.

注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。

I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。)

过去完成时

1. 概念:以过去某个时间为参照,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前已完成的动作,即“过去的过去”。

2. 时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month)等。

3. 基本结构:主语+ had done +其他

否定形式:主语+ hadn’t done +其他

一般疑问句:had置于句首。

4. 用法:

(1)用于told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句中。

如:She said (that) she had never been to Paris.

(2)在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先的动作用过去完成时;发生在后的动作用一般过去时。

如:When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.

(3)表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等用过去完成时表示“原本······,未能······”。

如:We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.

注意: had hardly… when ... 刚······就······。

如:I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我刚打开门,他就打了我。

had no sooner…than 刚······就······。

如:He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车,转眼又卖了。

一般现在时

1. 概念:表示经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

2. 基本结构:

(1)主语+ be动词(is / am / are)+表语

(2)主语+ 行为动词的原形或单数第三人称形式+其他

否定形式:

(1)am / is /are + not;

(2)谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don’t,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn’t,同时行为动词还原为原形。

3. 一般疑问句:

(1)把is / am / are动词放于句首;

(2)用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时还原行为动词。

4. 用法:

(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。

如:I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

(2)表示客观真理,客观存在或科学事实。

如:The earth moves around the sun.

(3)表示格言或警句。

如:Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

如:Columbus proved that the earth is round.

(4)表示现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性等。

如:I don’t want so much.

Ann writes good English but does not speak well.

(5)一般现在时表示将来含义

① come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。

如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.

— When does the bus star?

— It stars in ten minutes.

② 在时间或条件状语句中。

如:When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.

I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there.


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