英语语法——定语从句

1.定语从句的概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

3.关系词：引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。

4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。 that指人也指物which指物who指人whom指人，做宾语whose指人或物，做定语

1.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用that不用which。 1).当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时，只能用that。 There is nothing ______ I can do for you . 2).当先行词被the only、the very 、the last、all、no、little等词修饰时，只能用that。 This is the very book ______ I’m looking for . 3).先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that 。 This is the first nextbook ______ I studied in the middle school . 4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。 This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen .= I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian . 5).先行词既有人也有物时，只能that 。 He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had .

2.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用which不用that。 1).关系代词前有介词时，关系词只能用which 。 This is the building in ______ he lives . 2).先行词本身是that时，关系词只能用which 。 The clock is that _____ tells the time . 3).引导非限定性的定语从句（先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开），关系词用which。 His book , ______ was lost last week , has been found now.

3.先行词是人时，一般情况下既可用who 也可用that 。但以下情况下，只能用who。 1).当先行词为those、one、ones、anyone且作主语时，一般用who 。 Those ______ are singing are all my classmates . 2).在there be 句型中，先行词指人时，只能用who。指物时用that。 There is a girl ______ expects to see you . 3).当先行词是I、you、he、they等时，只能用who 。 He ______ plays with fire gets burned .

三、由关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句。 where = in / at +which when = in / on / at +which why = for + which

1.由where引导的定语从句。 1).先行词是表示地点的名词 2).在定语从句中作地点状语 Is this the house ______ you lived ?= Is this the house _____ _____ you lived ? = Is this the house _____ you lived in ?

2.由when引导的定语从句。 1).先行词是表示时间的名词 2).在定语从句中作时间状语 I will never forget the days ______ I met him .= I will never forget the days ____ ____ I met him. 注：先行词是the last time 时，when 可省略。 When was the last time you saw the parrot ?

3.由why引导的定语从句。 先行词为reason 时，一般用why 。 why在句中作原因状语。 We don’t know the reason ______ they didn’t come .

四、注意事项： 1.关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可省略。 The story _____ he told was very popular . A.who B.whom C.whose D. /

2.that、who、which在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。 I loves singers who _______(write) their own songs . She is one of the girls who ______(study) hard .

3.在定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的人称代词。 Will you please show me the book ______ yesterday? A. which you bought B. that you bought it C. you bought D. you bought it

4.定语从句中whose 的确定： 无论先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定语用whose。 判断：看定语从句的主语前有无限定词（my、your、Jim’s等），若没有，则用whose 。 The girl _____ parents work in Beijing is Kate . A. who B. whose C. which D. that I know the boy . His handwriting is very good .= I know the boy ____ handwriting is very good.

定语从句练习题（附答案解析） 1． This is the only one of the students _____ the truth． A． that knows B． that know C． who know D． which knows

2． Do you know the girl _____? A． whom he often talk to B． to who he often talks C． to that he often talks D． he often talks to

3． The world _____ we live is made up of matter． A． on which B． of which C． at which D． in which

4． There are no children _____ love their parents． A． that do not B． who does not C． that D． who

5． I’m one of the boys _____ never late for school． A． that is B． who are C． who am D． who is

6． Abraham Lincoln， _____ led the United States _____ these years， was _____ of the greatest presidents． A． he；for；a B． whom；in；one C． who；at；one D． who；through；one

7． Who is the girl _____ wearing a red dress? A． whose B． that C． whom D． that’s

8． The old man _____ yesterday is a scientist． A． I spoke B． I spoke to C． whom I spoke D． that I spoke to him

9． The young man _____ is an engineer of our factory． A． that you just talked B． whom you just talked to C． which you just talked to D． who you just talked

10． The dictionary _____ is sold out in the bookshop． A． you need B． what you need C． which you need it D． that you need it

答案及解析： 1． 选A。the only one of the students是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。 2． 选D。关系代词为whom或者that， 在从句中作介词宾语，可以省略。 3． 选D。介词in与live搭配，提到关系代词之前。 4． 选A。children是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数。 5． 选B。boys是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数。 6． 选D。who引导非限制性定语从句；through表示“经过”。 7． 选D。that’s是定语从句的主语和谓语动词。 8． 选B。关系代词为whom或者that， 在从句中作介词to的宾语，可以省略。 9． 选B。关系代词作介词宾语，介词不可省略。 10． 选A。关系代词为that或者which， 在从句中作宾语，可以省略。

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