2018年普通专升本:英语语法知识总结之表语从句、同位语从句

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专升本英语语法中,表语从句和同位语从句要掌握哪些内容?

    一、表语从句

    表语从句常常放在主句系动词后面,对主语的内容起解释、进一步阐明的作用。可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。常由that(通常不能省),whether,because,where,when,why,how,who及as if/asthough等引导表语从句。

   【例句】

    One advantage of solar energy is that it will never run out. 

    太阳能优点之一是它取之不尽。

    The question remains whether we can win the majority of the people. 

    问题是我们是否能赢得大多数人的支持。

    This is where you are mistaken. 

    这就是你的错误所在。

    This is why I got scolded.

    这就是我受到训斥的原因

    It may be because he is too young to do it. 

    这可能是因为他太年轻而不会做的缘故。

    It seem that (as if) the night would never end.

    夜晚似乎永远也不会结束。

    The reason why (that) he has been such a success is that he never gives up. 

    他获得如此成功的原因是由于他从不放弃。

    The reason he did not come to the meeting is that he was ill.

    他没有参加会议的原因是由于他病了。(常用Ther reason is...that,不用because)

          二、同位语从句

    同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导,表示与之同位的名词的具体内容,一般多紧接在名词之后,与之是等同关系的从句,偶尔,当谓语太短时,为了保持句子平衡,也可将同位语从句置于谓语动词之后。能够跟同位语从句的名词多为表示事实、看法、思想、消息等的名词。主要有fact,idea,news,belief,hope,conclusion,opinion,suggestion,proposal,proof,order,thought,doubt,rumor,problem,truth,answer,theory,theory,desirion,discovery,understanding,wish,possibility,promise,report,probability (可能性),evidence (证据),certainty (必然),likelihood (可能性)等。

   【例句】

    We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms.

    The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.    Have you any proof that he is a thief?

    The problem that they can’t get here early is hard to solve.

    他们不能及早到达这里,这个问题很难解决。

    No one can deny the fact that he has made such progress.

    没有人能否认他取得如此进步的事实。

    The order has come that the work be done at once.

    工作应立刻开始的命令已经到了。(此例为保持句子平衡同位语从句后置的情况。)

   【实例】    The mere fact ______ most people believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean that it will not occur.

    A. what   B.which      C.that       D.why          

    多数人认为挑起核战争是疯狂之举,单凭这个并不意味着核战争不可能发生。答案C

   【实例】    Evidence came up ______ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old. 

    A.what       B.which    C.that        D.whose      

    有证据表明,出生仅6个月的婴儿就能辨别一定的语音。答案C

     说明:

    1.同位语从句常也有连接副词why,where,when,how等引导。

   【例句】

    The question whether we ought to call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 

    家庭医生回答了我们是否应请个专科大夫的问题。

    2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在先行词后,而被别的词隔开。   【例句】

    Word had come from Tom that he could arrive on the Monday following. 

    汤姆说过他可能下星期一来。

    3.在on condition (条件是),with the exception (除…以外),in spite of the fact (不管)等成语后,也可用从句作同位语。   【例句】

    I’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy。

    如果你们能保持房间整洁的话,我可以让你们用。


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