本篇文章给大家谈谈2008考研英语真题,以及2008考研英语真题词汇对应的知识点,希望对各位有所帮助,不要忘了收藏本站喔。
综述如下:
原句是“In the general population today,at this genetic,environmental level,we've pretty much gone as far as we can go”。是we've,即we have,现在完成时,gone作为go的过去分词有达到某种程度的意思,在这里就是“我们已经走的足够远或者说我们已经达到了一个足够高的程度”,结合文章就是我们已经长得够高的了。即达到了一个极限。这也是全文的主旨。
词语使用变化:
aux.(助动词)
1、have用作助动词时,可与动词的过去分词或“been+现在分词”连用,构成动词的各种完成时态。
2、have的过去分词had还可与主语倒置,构成虚拟条件状语从句。
3、have(got)to作“不得不”解,强调客观上的必要,或由环境、习惯、协约等迫使而不得不做某事。have(got)to用于疑问句或否定句时,一般要借助do,在英式英语也可不借助do。
跟你断句方式有关吧
个人认为
以only if 分开
前面是The first draft will appear on the page 初稿才会呈现
呈现的条件在于后面~only if(只有当你怎么怎么时)
后面是you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit, stand up, or lie down to write.
对于你要做的
stop/ sit/ stand/ lie/都是同个时态,他们是并列的
所以YOU
1 stop avoiding the inevitable 停止去避免那些不可避免的事情
2 sit, stand up, or lie down to write. 或坐,或站,或躺着去写作
所以全句意思是:只有你(1)停止去避免那些不可避免的事情,(2)或坐,或站, 或躺着去写作 。 初稿才会呈现。
至于stop avoiding 的问题,我觉得‘ 停止去避免不可避免的事情 ’ 和你提供翻译的字面意义是一样的
字面意义无非是’ 停止去操心(想)那些不可避免的问题 ‘
理解为(操心),整个应该会好懂很多
个人意见。希望对你有帮助~
关于补充问题,
加上前面那句还是理解得通的~
因为削铅笔,整理桌子这些构造写作环境的琐事对于写作来说也算是inevitable的事情。
所以只有当你把除写作之外的琐事都干完~这时候,你不用再去操心这些不可避免的事情了,或者说不需要再去避免那些不可避免的事(因为已经做完了)~之后初稿便能跃然纸上。
考研的长难句理解为主~希望你能竟遭弄明白。
08年考研英语阅读理解第三篇翻译:
在20世纪60年代早期,Wilt Chamberlain是美国国家篮球协会中仅有的身高超过7英尺的三个人之一。可是如果他参加了上个赛季的话,他就变成了42分之一了。这些年来在较大的职业体育运动中的运动员的身体状况发生了很大的改变,而他们的经理人也更愿意调整队员的运动服来适应队员们更大,更高的身材。
虽然体育界的这种趋势可能蒙蔽了一个没有被承认的现实:美国人基本上停止生长了。虽然现在人们比140年前高了2英寸,特别是那些出生在已移民美国很多代的那些人,但是明显的,在二十世纪60年代早期,已经到达了他们的身高的极限。他们已经不可能再长得更高了。“在这个基因和环境的条件下,现在整体的人们已经长到我们能够达到的范围了,”Wright州大学的人类学家William Cameron Chumlea说道。拿NBA球员来说,他们身高的增加主要由于从世界各地招募到了球员。
身高的增长一般在20岁以后就停止了,而发育是需要能量和营养的,其中的蛋白质用来供给组织的生长。在20世纪初,营养不良和儿童疾病妨碍了整体的发育。但是当饮食和健康的促进,儿童和青少年平均每20年都增长了大概1.5英寸,这就是长高的趋势。根据疾病防治中心,从1960年开始,人们的平均身高,男性5英尺9英寸,女性5英尺4英寸,就没有怎么改变了。
总的说来,避免太高的身高是有很多优点的。在生产时,较大的婴儿通过产道是有更多的问题的。而且,就算人类已经直立行走已经几百万年了,我们的脚和背部继续对抗着巨大的压力,这些压力来源于双足直立的姿势和巨大的肢体。“有一些限制是个体器官的基因结构导致的。”西北大学的人类学家William Leonard说道。
基因的最大化可以改变,但是不要期待它会马上就能发生。Mass州的Natick的军队研究中心的高级人类学家Claire C. Gordon确信百分之九十的入伍新兵不需要更换新的制服和工作站。她说,不像那些篮球制服,军队的制服长度很长时间都没有改变了。如果你需要在不远的将来预测人类的身高而去设计一款新的设备,Gordon说基本上,“你都能够使用现在的数据并且觉得非常地自信。”
Text 3
In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.
The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today’s people – especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations – apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they aren’t likely to get any taller. “In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we’ve pretty much gone as far as we can go,” says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.
Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients – notably, protein – to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height – 5′9″ for men, 5′4″ for women – hasn’t really changed since 1960.
Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. “There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism,” says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.
Genetic maximums can change, but don’t expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, “you could use today’s data and feel fairly confident.”
It’s worth remembering 这里的it 是形式主语 remembering的宾语从句
it will read 这里it 是 指示代词 “它” 指的是 printer
that have gone into it 这里it 也是 指示代词 “它” 指的是 printer
不清楚的话,再追问吧
As is symbolically illustrated in the cartoon, two handicapped adolescents,supporting each other with their firm hands,are continuing their new journey across the ground.Crutches left behind,they have successfully cracked the hard nut of lameness,which might have stumped the majority of the disabled. The caption indicates, "You have merely one leg and so do I.Helping each other,we can travel all around."
Undoubtedly,we can deduce from the portrayal that the cartoonist is trying to attract our attention to the issue of cooperation. According to a survey conducted among a group of people who were in the same college class 10 years ago,those who are ready to give their cooperation to others all became rich or attained managerial status in various fields,while not a single young man who had difficulty in getting along with his classmates became an executive or a boss.Why do those who are excellent in team work tend to be managers or run their own enterprise later in life? The answer seems self-evident.On the one hand, if you are competent in a profession,but have difficulty in getting along with your colleagues and even with your boss,you can hardly survive corporate life. On the other hand, your chances of success are much higher with a wide circle of friends who are willing to cooperate with you to provide information and resources.
It is my view that,first and foremost,we can use the drawing to aid juveniles in learning to cooperate successfully with each other. Furthermore,whatever difficulties or situations we are confronted with,we can remind ourselves that those who have the spirit of cooperation and team work are nearer to success.Just as John Adams,the second U.S. president,quoted from the ancient Greek Aesop's Fables(伊索寓言) ,"United we stand,divided we fall(合则存,分则败)."
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